Arab Disunity Essay Example for Free

Bedouin Disunity Essay The Arab-Israeli pressures are an advanced clash, and an outcome of the two World Wars and breakdown of British dominion. The turn of events and idea of Zionism in the twentieth century, and slaughters and investigation looked by Jews in Europe assumed a critical job in the arrangement of the Jewish State of Israel, which is the point of convergence of the contention. Somewhere in the range of 1948 and 1973, the Arabs and the Jews took an interest in a few clashes because of strict and regional reasons. The disunity among the Arab nations, which straightforwardly restricted the development of a ‘Jewish homeland’, assumed a critical job in their disappointments in the contentions. In any case, the global judgment of the Arabs due to ‘sympathy’ for the Jews likewise assumed a noteworthy job in the Arab disappointment comparable to Israel. This exposition will concentrate on the accompanying clashes: the 1948 Independence war, the 1967 war and the 1973 war. The 1948 was the ‘war of Independence’ after which the Jewish State of Israel was set up. It happened following the finish of British order, and the withdrawal of remote powers and government from the district. The Arab disunity was extremely apparent during the 1948 war, as the Arab countries had different, repudiating individual plans. There was an away from of trust, and every Arab nation †including Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon †with every individual nation intending to underwrite and add the region of contention. In spite of the development of the Arab League in 1945, and a reasonable common objective to drive the Jews out of Palestine; there was divisions among the Arabs. The Arabs had collectively pronounced ‘jihad’ against the State of Israel and pledged to battle for ‘every inch of land. Regardless of the truce in mid 1948, the battling initiated later that year. The Arab populace was altogether bigger than the Jewish populace, and had the militarily and physical preferred position, with better weapons and populace dwarfing the Jews approximately 40 million to 650,000, concurring the twentieth Century History Course Companion by Oxford. In any case, the absence of initiative and a brought together arrangement of the Arabs came about to the positioning of a military, which was fundamentally more vulnerable than the Jews. Moreover, the inspiration for the Jews as that they were fundamentally battling for their endurance while the Arabs were just roused by close to home increase. Also, the Jewish armed force comprised of veterans of the Second World War and figured out how to achieve predominant weapons as tanks. In this way when the individual Arab armed forces assaulted because of an absence of a brought together order; with the Egyptians from the West, the Saudis from the North East they were handily overwhelmed. This war obviously demonstrated the Arab disunity, and featured the different clashing plans of the Arab nations. There was no assembled front and the Jews promoted with solid authority and military strategies, and figured out how to frame the State of Israel no sweat with regards to the conditions. The two decades following the 1948 war had two huge changes; the first being a few changes in administration in the Arab world, in this way reigniting Arab patriotism, and the second being the financial improvement of Israel. Following Suez Crisis of 1954, the relations among Israel and Egypt had decayed further. Before the war, there were strains between Egypt, Syria and Jordan, anyway an Israeli assault on Syrian planes in 1967 rejoined the Arab nations. The bogus data gave by the Soviets to the Arabs about the activation of Israel started the Arab-Israeli clash. Be that as it may, as opposed to the announcement, the predominant Israeli military strategies and technique were key factors instead of Arab disunity. Israel propelled a preemptive strike on Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq, which successfully wrecked its weapons. This military strategy had been structured a very long time earlier, on account of an Arab assault therefore demonstrating the Israeli militarily strategy prevalence. As referenced in the past war, the Arab countries didn't have a joint military arrangement along these lines losing a few regions including Jerusalem. This was viewed as a ‘humiliating’ misfortune to the Arab cause, and fundamentally affected the Arab spirit. Israel had effortlessly vanquished four of its biggest dangers, anyway it very well may be contended this was to a great extent due the preemptive strike broadcasting in real time powers of the Arab countries, rather the Arab disunity. This war showed the Israeli strategic and military prevalence, and further showed the job of America in the improvement of Israel. Be that as it may, there was a minor component of Arab disunity because of pressures preceding the war however it didn't assume a huge job. The 1973 war was a restricted war started by the new pioneer of Egypt Anwar Sadat against Israel. Sadat had likewise endeavored to diminish the impact of the Cold War, which had been a component during the 1967 clash, by expelling Russian authorities from Egypt and fixing relations with America. This war yet repudiates the announcement, as Egypt and Syria had a joint military hostile strike on Israel on Yom Kippur, the Jewish sacred day, and had figured out how to finish a fruitful ground hostile too. Anyway as the war advanced, the Israeli counterattack had started to get progressively powerful and figured out how to compel the Egyptian and Syrian powers to withdraw from Sinai and Golan, which were Israeli regions. The different sides were at an impasse and the Arab partners; Egypt and Syria were joined militarily and strategically which is conflicting to the announcement and opposite the circumstance in the 1943 war. The approaching danger of an oil ban by the Arab nations, which was a military procedure utilized effectively previously, came about to the intercession of remote elements. Henry Kissinger, an American negotiator, stepped in for Nixon to arrange a truce †which was in the end effective with the Arabs tolerating the peace negotiation. This was a shorter war, and with the establishment being the Arabs being in all out attack mode. Anyway it negates the announcement, as this was the main war that the Arab nations had a joint military endeavor, and kept on doing as such during the war. Besides, this was a minor accomplishment for the Arab nations in spite of the impasse and peace negotiation as it fortified Egypt and Syria’s position in the Middle East anyway it didn't yield a regional increase. Henceforth, Arab disunity was not obvious except for the way that lone two Arab nations took an interest in the 1973 war. To finish up, Arab disunity assumed a critical job in the 1948 war †which was apparently the most significant. The Arabs had the conclusive bit of leeway in the 1948 war, anyway with the absence of a joint military front and methodology against Israel, it was crushed. The individual plans, which negated one another, came about to an Arab disunity and underestimation of the Jews, which permitted the State of Israel to be built up regardless of all chances. Be that as it may, in the contentions following 1948, there was a component of Arab disunity, however it assumed a minor job and was not a key determinant of the wars or disappointment. In this way, Arab disappointments can be viewed as a result of Arab disunity in the 1948 war, which reshaped the Middle East and gave Israel and Jews the advantage over the Arabs clashes following 1948.

Effect of environmental regulations on trade Essay

Impact of ecological guidelines on exchange - Essay Example Held and McGrew (2002) audit a few definitions for globalization and underscore that while all are exact, hardly any catch the multifaceted nature of the wonder and in this manner, don't thoroughly characterize globalization. From their point of view, while it is for all intents and purposes difficult to characterize globalization in a solitary sentence, it can best be depicted as a monetary wonder whose essential inspiration is the burden of the private enterprise and financial progression upon the worldwide economy and, in a nutshell, the globalization of capital.According to this definition, globalization is the evacuation of hindrances towards the development of products and ventures across national fringes, for example, import and fare duties, customs and levies, bringing about diminished state command over economies and markets.As might be surmised from the prior definition, globalization has encouraged the development of capital merchandise across national outskirts, with litt le, assuming any, state intervention.Within the setting of this understanding, globalization has extended markets and, significantly, has given makers, makers and business elements both with access to outside business sectors and the capacity to rival local merchandise on moderately equivalent terms.Even while underscoring the legitimacy of the previously mentioned and focusing on that exchange advancement has, to a huge degree, accomplished the entirety of the expressed, it is critical to yield to the way that ecological guidelines have countered the pattern towards the free development of merchandise and ventures across national limits. ... 2 Effect of Environmental Regulations on Trade As may have been found from the presentation, natural guidelines influence worldwide exchange volumes and examples. The degree to which it might do so will be analyzed in this segment. 2.1 Trade Volumes A few examinations have maintained the contention that natural guidelines can possibly work as snags to the development of capital merchandise and enterprises across national limits and, in this manner, manage the cost of local makers a bit of leeway over outside ones. These equivalent investigations have likewise discovered that nations which have relatively careless ecological guidelines have a similar preferred position over those which have progressively tough guidelines, to the extent that drawing in outside direct venture is concerned (McCormick, 2001; Anweiler, Copeland and Taylor, 2002). Based on experimental proof, be that as it may, Anweiler, Copeland and Taylor (2002) find that the previously mentioned near bit of leeway isn't reasonable. For instance, Mexico's remiss ecological guidelines may have managed it a near favorable position where US remote direct venture is concerned however it has barely added to the development of Mexican global exchange and fares since usable natural guidelines in different nations go about as an obstruction to the section of Mexican fares. Likewise, the nearly low measures of residential ecological guidelines in the United States have antagonistically affected US global exchange volumes (McCormick, 2001). For sure, in his investigation of US worldwide exchange from 1958-1994, McCormick (2001) found that ecological guidelines worked as a genuine hindrances to US fares and exchange, particularly to Europe and

How the Government Can Help Smokers

How the Government Can Help Smokers Free Online Research Papers Smoking has been a significant issue in the United States for a considerable length of time, by adding to significant medical issues that are expensive to treat and generally end in death. Therefore, the administration has passed enactment with respect to smoking as limitations, training, and tax assessment. While this is a satisfactory arrangement of assault in the street to smoking suspension, I accept that more should be possible. On the off chance that the administration concentrated more on avoidance, taxpayers’ dollars would be better used. In 1996, almost 2,000,000 individuals started smoking regularly and a greater part of them were younger than eighteen. Previously, projects, for example, the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program have been the sole precaution specialist in schools across the country. The focal point of D.A.R.E. anyway was not explicit to simply smoking and consolidated different medications like liquor and maryjane. Additionally, as D.A.R.E. developed in prominence, it got gimmicky and watered down. States have seen this wastefulness of the D.A.R.E. program and have started actualizing smoking explicit avoidance programs. In California, a counteradvertising program demonstrated checked achievement. It concentrated on the deceptive cases and â€Å"deceptive practices attempted by tobacco firms† (Government Programs, 2004). The administration mediated however, and the program turned out to be less compelling when the state council sliced its promoting spending plan from sixteen mill ion dollars in 1991 to a little more than six-and-a-half million dollars in 1995. In-school programs have demonstrated a lot of achievement through redundancy and when controlled in a genuine situation. Again be that as it may, spending plans and state sanctioned test commands have overshadowed programs designed for social and individual obligations. Financing is consistently the significant contention against the execution of projects paying little mind to the proof that underpins them. Think about this however, tobacco use has been recognized as â€Å"the chief reason for disease deaths† (Government Programs, 2004). That also costs cash. It is costly for the individuals who need to pay higher protection premiums in light of the fact that high occurrence tobacco related diseases. Cash is additionally squandered in endowments made to medical clinics that treat patients for tobacco related diseases that don't have wellbeing inclusion. On the off chance that the administration would reallocate these assets to schools and other deterrent projects, the taxpayers’ dollars would be all the more mindfully spent. There are approaches to support these projects that won't just proceed in the counteraction of new smokers, however will likewise lessen the quantity of current smokers hesitant to surrender the propensity. That arrangement is to raise the cost of cigarettes by raising the extract burdens as of now charged to the offer of tobacco items. This expansion in expenses would bring about an increment in income for states. The expanded income could then be utilized to support the projects that were recently referenced. Also, as indicated by most financial specialists, the expansion in an extract duty would diminish the quantity of current smokers by four percent for each 10% expansion in cigarette costs. Tax assessment arrangements accordingly could have double advantages. While the legislature has taken a few measures to control tobacco use, there is more that should be possible. There are programs that associate in the counteraction of smoking. They can be exorbitant, yet not as expensive as the treatment of the individuals who become sick because of their cigarette use. Moreover, through tax assessment, the administration could sufficiently support these projects and diminish the quantity of current smokers. It is time that our pioneers perceive the truth about this issue and act in like manner in its annihilation. References Government projects can lessen smoking. (2004). Recovered 28 Apr. 2008http//find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?contentSet=GSRC type=retrievetablD=T010prodld=OVRCcocld+EJ3011270260souce=galesrcprod=OVRCuserGroupName=waynesburgversion=1.0 Research Papers on How the Government Can Help SmokersThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL investigation of India

Assessing Investors Take Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Before going to make any investment, investors should do some research pertaining to what kind of investment the investors are going to invest, when is the right for investors to put the money in, How much investment amount should put in, and so forth. Investors should seek every aspect pertaining to the investment that investors want to invest. Thus, investors have an opportunity to look overall situation at different investment opportunities that are being suitable for investor. Confidence in traditional investment vehicles such pensions and equities as seen better days and many investors are still licking their wounds after the dotcom crash that has overshadowed investment markets since beginning of the decade( UK investment advice). However, over-confidence by the investors will lead to investment failure. It is because some investors may over-confidence in certain investment especially the investment consists low risk, then the investment will show hand and put al l the asset of themselves into a basket of investment. Actually, this kind of behavior is wrong and make harmful for the investors. Normally, the investment adviser will advise the investor cannot to do it so, but the intense of the investors insist to do. Consequently, the investors may loss everything. So, investors nowadays ought to learn from this lesson. However, nowadays investors are far conscious of the need for low risk investments that bring solid growth in the long term compare to the higher risk assets. According to the World Gold Council, the gold investment demand predicted to increase. Speaking by the Globe and Mail, Martin Murenbeeled, chief economist, the gold investment demand was higher than that for gold jewellery until the later 1960s and predicted an uptick in both in 2010 as investors flock to precious metal as a safe haven vehicle and the jewellery sector recovers. Therefore, it could possible attract many investors to invest or hold or buy the gold. There are some tips and advice for the investors as a guideline before they are going to invest in certain investment. First, the investors have to take a look from the reputable publication such as Business Week or Fortune. In practice, these kinds of publications provide point of view by certain famous economist or news of the gold investment market regularly. They are reputable publications that have built their reputation on a solid history of working with different experts. Next, investors could look for some information from the journalists that work under the reputable publications. In addition, these publications will set up a QA site for people to ask the question. So the investors could post their queries on there about the gold investment. However, if the investors feel unsure or unsecure about the information that has been provided, investors could directly make call to them for getting further detail about the gold investment. Not only is the journalist from the pubilicat ion, there also some journalists from the professional financial. In this kind of journalists, they will always update the information about market as it stands, and give their valuable opinion on the best gold investment opportunities. Advice for the investors is try to look for the high quality newspaper or journalist in order to obtain more accurate information. It is no doubt that investors could find the clues or hints or tips from the international markets. The international markets will exhibits the news pertain the currently situation to the general field of gold trading. However, investor could not rely on the domestic market since it is affected by the localized issue. As we mentioned, the value of gold will not affected the issue of the political and economic downturn. No matter how fluctuation about the political event, the value of gold does share with it. Therefore, investors have to look forward to the different aspects of the international markets that might aid f or decision making. Moreover, overall prices of gold investment could be determined by the general economic situation in investors country. Investors should always get ready when there is any economic turn bad. It is because it might impact on the reaction of the gold market. Thus, investors should be prepared for this reaction and take steps to be part of it in order to minimize the loss. This preparation could be stated as Prevention is better than cure. In addition, some investors may get the gold market information from the media. Obviously, the report from media will more abstract sometime. Investors might misunderstand the information from the media. Apart from that, sometime the media disclose the information of gold with too optimistic or too pessimistic. Thus, the investors should not totally trust the information from the media. Investors should have the ability to analyze the every information that the investors obtain. Investors should more understand the every con cept that involved in the development of the market before they rely on the media entirely in their decision making. Therefore, it could reduce the possibility failure of the gold investment. There are some avoided actions that investors should take note. Investors do not listen to the myths that gold investment is only the preserve of the wealthy. Investors must have the ability to distinguish the wrong or right information. Investors could not entirely rely on the belief of society. It might influence the decision making of the investors. Gold investment can be taken on by anyone as long as they have the inclinations and drive to participate in the market. Normally, gold is split into smaller and traded at lower prices than you might expect if you just follow the mythical claims. Once the investors decide to hold the gold investment, there is no reason for the investors not join in the market. Besides that, investors do not make up the facts as they have gone through. Invest ors should make the gold investment follow the sound factual information. This can be very costly investment and therefore the investors have to ensure that they are ready to deal with facts rather than speculation as they prepare to participate in the market. It is better to get sound gold investment advice before proceed any further. Investors could get the information from the individual trader. Individual trader may provide some useful information because their job always related to the gold investment. Individual trader normally gives the information about the gold investment opportunities that have come up on the market. However, investors should not entirely trust on their information because individual trader might be working with the self-interest that is not immediately obvious. Some investors will invest in gold investment because of their family. They hear from their family member talks about how good of a certain investment. Actually, investors should not listen u p the prediction of the family because they are not professional about the investment. Even their prediction or information might be wrong. So reliability the information from the family is low. However, if they are speaking from the experience then investors might be well advised to check out what they are saying. It might be the individual tips or clues from them. So investors could make it as a reference, but not totally rely on. Some investors might use the fund from the pension to do the investment. Pension fund will you some advice. Pension fund manager might advice you to invest in gold in order to expand the potential of your portfolio. They are possible to take a bad risk if you are involved in the process and veto the decisions that are made. You should keep contact with the pension fund manger if you are really interest invest in gold investment. Those investors who really interest invest in gold investment; they could seek help from the banks. Banks could always gi ve the actual information and advice for the investors in anytime. Even banks will set out a special site for any investors need the consultation on the investment. Thus, bank will provide recommendation which gold product should investment. Investors need to be forefront of such efforts if investors are given the option to check out the various gold investment opportunities. In fact investors are possible to have higher standards from the bank advisers. Those that belong to a cooperative union might be able to get advice from there. In this situation you are at the mercy of your co investors. Where there is disagreement the majority rule tends to operate but you can always make suggestion and back them up with facts and figures. With a bit of luck they will begin to make a decision based on the figures that you have provided. The internet is a rich source in gold investment opportunities for sure. There are many would be investment advisers but you have to be wary of those th at do not know what they are talking about. However this does not stop you from researching the topic in making your gold investment decision.

A Short Story - 884 Words

Ethan wasnt worried, either, and he always started off weeks with a laser focus which generally waned by Thursday or so, although he picked it up late in the day on Friday with the weekend coming on. That was, of course, assuming he didnt have to work a weekend or go out of town to meet a client; lately, theyd clamped down on overtime or on anyone aside from upper management flying out of town on company dime. In general, if you had to leave your desk to meet a client, it was either a really big deal, or they were close enough in town to be managed face to face. Such was the case for the client he was meeting today, and hed thrown on a dark brown suit jacket - currently on a hanger on a wall in his cubicle - with a smart white shirt†¦show more content†¦No big deal. Ethan tried to grin back, but this was a big deal; even if he skipped lunch, there was no getting home and back in time for the meeting. He stood up quickly, trying to dab some of it off with kleenex as he went for the bathroom. Guess Ill need a new shirt. He gave Hailey another quick gaze before going to the mens room to clean off his shirt as best as he could. As expected, there was no saving it, and his suit jacket could not be buttoned up enough to cover up the stain. With a shake of his head, he quickly returned to the room with his gym bag, pulling out a tight black t-shirt which he threw on in lieu of the dirty dress shirt. With the suit jacket on, it still didnt look great, but it beat the alternative. With another scowl - he headed off to his meeting... ******* Jim Martin had not been impressed even with Ethans excuse, and he wouldve almost rather lost the sale then when - at the end of the day - Nate came over to his cube. Hey, I saved the Martin sale, by the way...convinced them you dont usually act like that. He gave a stupidly obnoxious thumbs up gesture. But now theyre on my list. Thanks buddy. He gave Ethan a back clap, and Ethan gamely returned the smile, shaking his head as he went over to the board that was tracking who was in the lead for the top performer. ~Nates actually in the lead...good odds thatll neverShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. 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And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. 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Implementation Of Section 135 Of Companies Act Essay

Implementation of Section 135 of Companies Act, 2013: Corporate Social Responsibility Abstract In recent past, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility has gained much attention. The CSR and citizenship which aims at invoking the corporate conscience whereby the companies incur short term cost but these short term cost do not provide immediate financial benefit, instead these costs promote positive social environmental change. The Companies Act of 2013 which replaced the 60 years old Act of 1956 gave a provision with the concept of mandatory CSR. This research paper is focused on the provision relating to mandatory spending and disclosure relating to Corporate Social Responsibility activities. It also discusses the major loopholes of provision which hinders the practical applicability of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 Introduction India has undergone a process of economic liberalization and comes under top 5 fastest growing economies in World over past three decades . The Industrial sector crated abundant wealth over the period of 10 years, yet the growth has trickled down the large population of the nation with lack of access to basic amenities such as sanitary, clean water, health facilities and the list goes on. India is ranked as 135th amongst 187 countries as per the latest Human Development Report. Inspite of India being recognized as global player, the nation is home to largest number of poor, malnourished children, poor access to health, educationShow MoreRelatedA Practical Example Of Indemnity And Contract Of Guarantee Essay948 Words   |  4 Pageshospital agrees to protect the company from any losses or lawsuits should patients be injured while using any of the wheelchairs. In doing this, the hospital indemnifies the wheelchair company, or the hospital guarantees indemnity for any losses or injurie s that may occur. . 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Financial Statements Visualizing Aggregate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statements Visualizing Aggregate? Answer: Introduction The issue presented in the question is that the nature of expenses that have been incurred by the operations of Woolworths for the financial year of 2016 has been asked to clarify. In order to answer the presented questions, the financial report for 2016 has been chosen. In order to answer the presented question, at first, the concept of the categorization of expenses on the basis of nature or function should be understood. The categorization of expenses on the basis of nature can be described as the expenses that have been included in the income statement of the organization, that have essentially been disclosed according to their nature. The particular instance of the accounts that have been classified on the basis of nature are wages and salaries and rent expenses etc (Kanapickien? Grundien?, 2015). On the other hand, the expenses that have been classified on the basis of function are the cost of goods sold account, selling expenses and administrative expenses. It should be noted here that the classification of the expenses on the basis of nature does not exclude the need for disclosing the expenses on the basis of nature (Mignolet, 2017). Now, in the case of the chosen organization, Woolworths Group the expenses that have been disclosed in the financial statements have been classified on the basis of function. This is because the expenses that have been included in the income statement have been disclosed depending on the function that the particular expense serves like cost of sales, branch expenses, administration expenses, and financing costs. Moreover, the gross profit has been calculated from the income statement of the Group signifying the fact that the expenses have been disclosed on the basis of their function. The possible reasons for the different methods of classification of expenses used, are as follows: The expenses are classified on the basis of their nature when the number of expenses that have been incurred by the firm are less. The expenses are classified on the basis of their function when the number of expenses that have been incurred by the firm are more. In case of Woolworths Limited, there have not been a varied degree of expenses which have enabled the management of the corporate entity to segregate the expenses on the basis of nature (Bunsis, 2015). Moreover, the particular action of classifying the expenses also results in the clarified representation of the financial statements of the company thus, facilitating the fair image of the financial condition of the company (Bunsis, 2015). Accounting policy Before the identification of the three issues from the annual report of Woolworths Limited, the particulars of the AASB 108 have to be understood. The AASB 108 defines the accounting policies that should be mandatorily complied with by the organizations. Accounting policies are the specific principles, procedures and the regulations that are utilized by the corporate entities for preparing the financial statements of the company. The AASB 108 standard also defines the change in accounting estimate that may be utilized by the management of the company for adjusting the carrying amount of an asset or liability. The changes in the accounting estimates may be undertaken by an organization for the new developments in the accounting principles or the rectification of the accounting errors that have may occur at the time of preparation of the financial statements (Kanapickien? Grundien?, 2015). Another major accounting terms that has been mentioned in the AASB 108 is impracticable. A certain requirement is considered impracticable when the entity is unable to apply it after making every reasonable effort to do so. In case of Woolworths, the management of the corporate entity has provided the required disclosure in the accounting statements of the company in regards to the change in the accounting estimates or policies. One of the major critical accounting estimates that have been undertaken by the company is in regards to the determination of the useful life of assets. It has been mentioned in the annual report of the company in the financial year of 2016 that the process of estimation of the remaining useful lives requires enhanced management and reviewing at an annual interval. The useful lives have been altered, the net value of the asset that has been written down is depreciated since the date when the revised accounting policy had been published. This is done in order to adhere to the AASB 116. However, an interesting fact that has been mentioned in the annual report of the company is that the depreciation that has been recognized in the prior financial years has not been changed (Mignole t, 2017). The second issue that has been provided in the annual report of the company is in regards to the significant accounting policy disclosure. This has been presented in regards to the other financial liabilities. The total amount in other financial liabilities for the financial year of 2015 represents a value of $1075 and that for the financial year of 2016 reflects a value of $180 . This unprecedented fall or rise in the borrowings has been explained in the accounting disclosure in regards to significant accounting policies. The unprecedented rise has been due to the valuation of the put option liability in Hydrox. The third issue has been identified in regards to the valuation of the intangible assets like brand names, liquor and gaming licenses. It has been further mentioned in the provided disclosure that the group recognizes the impairment of the intangible assets of $320 million in relation to continuing operations and $119.4 million for discontinued operations. Notes to the 2016 financial statements It has been produced in the annual report of the company that the property, plant and equipment have been measured at cost that has been reduced by the accumulated depreciation or amortization and the accumulated impairment losses. It has been further disclosed in the annual report that the cost in regards to the self-constructed assets essentially includes the material costs, direct labor costs and a portion of the overheads (Rodriguez Kaczmarek, 2016). Moreover, it has been disclosed in the financial report of the company, the assets of Woolworths Limited have been depreciated on a straight-line basis. The useful lives of the different fixed assets of the company have been mentioned as follows: Buildings 25 to 40 years Plant and Equipment 2.5 to 10 years Leasehold improvements up to a maximum of 25 years Furthermore, it has been disclosed in the annual report of the company that the revenue that have been derived from the sales of the assets are recognized on the date of the sales of the asset. The particular gain or loss derived from the sale of the asset has been included in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss. The impairment of the property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and the assets designated for sales have been done on the basis of the continuing operations and the discontinued operations. The impairment of the assets that are to be carried out are tested either annually or when there is an indication in regards to the impairment of the asset. The impairment essentially reveals the recoverable amount and helps the assessor to determine whether the impairment will lead to a potential gain or loss (Minnis Sutherland, 2017). References Biddle, G. C. (2015). The Role of Financial Statements in Reporting Financial Performance. InAccounting Finance/IASB Research Forum. Bunsis, H. (2015). Analyzing University and College Financial Statements. Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy, (10), 7. Hoyle, J. B., Schaefer, T., Doupnik, T. (2015). Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill. Israelsen, C., Feuz, D. (2014). Farm and Ranch Financial Statements. Jurez, F. (2015). Chaos and complexity in financial statements. Chaos and complexity theory for management: Nonlinear Dynamics, 1-33. Kanapickien?, R., Grundien?, Ã… ½. (2015). The model of fraud detection in financial statements by means of financial ratios. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 321-327. McInnis, J. M., Yu, Y., Yust, C. G. (2018). Does Fair Value Accounting Provide More Useful Financial Statements Than Current GAAP For Banks?. The Accounting Review. Mignolet, F. (2017). A study on the expected impact of IFRS 17 on the transparency of financial statements of insurance companies. Minnis, M., Sutherland, A. (2017). Financial statements as monitoring mechanisms: Evidence from small commercial loans. Journal of Accounting Research, 55(1), 197-233. Moroney, R., Trotman, K. T. (2016). Differences in Auditors' Materiality Assessments When Auditing Financial Statements and Sustainability Reports. Contemporary Accounting Research, 33(2), 551-575. Rodriguez, J., Kaczmarek, P. (2016). Financial Statements. Visualizing Financial Data, 183-215. Rouxelin, F., Wongsunwai, W., Yehuda, N. (2015). Aggregate cost stickiness in GAAP financial statements and future unemployment rate. The Accounting Review. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2018) Retrieved 3 February 2018, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/185865_annual-report-2016.pdf